Amputation is indicated only in the most advanced cases of angiopathy that led to the development of gangrene. But practice shows. diabetic macroangiopathy is the cause of danazol than half of lower limb amputations.
To prevent the development of angiopathy, one must strictly adhere to the treatment regimen for diabetes mellitus and follow the recommendations of danocrine. Diabetic microangiopathy requires annual preventive examinations.
Angiopathy that has developed against the background of diabetes can affect vital organs. To minimize the possible consequences, it is necessary to diagnose the pathology in a timely manner and begin adequate treatment. Otherwise, diabetic angiopathy can cause serious complications that lead to amputation or even death.
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Diabetic angiopathy is a collective term for generalized (throughout the body) damage, primarily to small blood vessels in diabetes mellitus. This damage consists in the thickening of the vessel wall and the violation of its permeability, resulting in a decrease in blood flow. The consequence of this are irreversible disorders in those organs that are supplied with blood by these vessels (kidneys, heart, retina).
Angiopathy of the vessels of the lower extremities, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Statistics Diabetic angiopathy is conventionally divided into microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. Microangiopathy is a lesion of small vessels (retina, kidneys), which occurs in more than 90 percent of cases.
Most often (in 80 - 90 percent of cases) small retinal vessels are affected with the development of the so-called diabetic retinopathy. One in twenty (5 percent) have diabetic retinopathy as a cause of vision loss.
Damage to the small vessels of the kidneys (diabetic nephropathy) occurs in 75 percent of cases. In 100 percent of cases, kidney damage in diabetes mellitus leads to disability of patients. Most often, diabetic nephropathy occurs in type 1 diabetes.
The defeat of small vessels (arterioles, capillaries) of the brain is one of the causes of danazol pills of diabetic encephalopathy. This complication occurs in 80 percent of patients with type 1 diabetes. The frequency of occurrence among all patients with diabetes mellitus varies from 5 to 75 percent. Diabetic macroangiopathy is a lesion of large vessels (arteries of the heart, lower extremities) of the body. In 70 percent of cases, damage to the vessels of the lower extremities is observed.
- The defeat of the coronary arteries in diabetes mellitus occurs in 35 - 40 percent of cases. However, the relatively low incidence is compensated by the high incidence of lethal outcomes.
- According to various sources, every third person aged 30-50 years with diabetes dies from cardiovascular complications. In general, 75 percent of the deaths of diabetic patients are due to cardiovascular pathology.
- From the time of Paracelsus and Avicenna to the present, diabetes mellitus has been considered a fatal pathology, since more than 3.5 million people die from its complications every year.
- wall of blood vesselsvessels are composed of several layers. These layers differ in composition depending on the caliber and type of vessels.
This layer consists of endothelial cells, therefore it is also called the vascular endothelium. Endothelial cells line the inner wall of blood vessels in one layer. The endothelium of the vessels faces the lumen of the vessel and therefore is constantly in contact with the circulating blood. This wall contains numerous blood coagulation factors, inflammatory factors and vascular permeability. It is in this layer that the products of the polyol metabolism of glucose accumulate in diabetes mellitus (sorbitol, fructose).
Also, this layer normally secretes endothelial relaxing factor. With a lack of this factor (which is observed in diabetes mellitus), the endothelial lumen narrows and vascular resistance increases.
Thus, due to the synthesis of various biological substances, the inner wall of blood vessels performs a number of important functions. This layer is formed by connective tissue, as well as collagen and elastin filaments. It protects blood vessels from sprains and ruptures. It also contains small vessels called "vasa vasorum" or "vessels of vessels". They nourish the outer and middle shell of the vessels.
The main target in diabetes are small vessels - arterioles and capillaries, but large vessels - arteries - are also damaged. Mechanism of vascular damage in diabetes mellitus. The basis of diabetic angiopathy is damage to the vascular wall (more precisely, the endothelium), with a further violation of its function. As you know, in diabetes mellitus, there is a high level of sugar (glucose) in the blood or hyperglycemia. As a result of this diabetic hyperglycemia, glucose from the blood begins to buy danazol online penetrate into the vessel wall.
This leads to disruption of the structure of the endothelial wall and, consequently, to an increase in its permeability.
Glucose metabolism products, namely sorbitol and fructose, accumulate in the wall of the blood vessel. They also attract liquid. As a result, the wall of the blood vessel swells and becomes thickened. Also, as a result of damage to the vascular wall, the process of coagulation (formation of blood clots) is activated, since the capillary endothelium is known to produce blood clotting factors. This fact further impairs blood circulation in the vessels. Due to a violation of the structure of the endothelium, it ceases to buy danocrine online the endothelial relaxing factor, which normally regulates the diameter of the vessels. Thus, with angiopathy, the Virchow triad is observed - a change in the vascular wall, a violation of the coagulation system and a slowdown in blood flow.
Due to the above mechanisms, blood vessels, primarily small ones, narrow, their lumen decreases, and blood flow decreases until it stops. In the tissues they supply with blood, there is hypoxia (oxygen starvation), atrophy, and as a result of increased permeability and edema.
The lack of oxygen in the tissues activates the fibroblasts of the cell, which synthesize the connective tissue. Therefore, hypoxia is the cause of the development of vascular sclerosis. First of all, the smallest vessels - the capillaries of the kidneys - suffer. As a result of sclerosis of these capillaries, kidney function is impaired and renal failure develops.
The structure of the eye The eye consists of the eyeball, optic nerve and auxiliary elements (muscles, eyelids).
Sometimes, small vessels are clogged with blood clots, while in others small aneurysms are formed (protrusion of the vascular wall). The vessels themselves become fragile, brittle, which leads to frequent hemorrhages (most often on the retina).